Government Failure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Government Failure - Essay ExampleEndogenous preferences refer to preferences that are dependent on other factors that actually influence preference. For instance, demand for the latest mobile phones is driven by technological advancements. In this case, technological advancement highly influences demand for latest phones. The fact that circumstances can change preferences justifies popular policy. Unaccepted preferences, on the other hand, are those whose impact on other preferences is negative. Education preference, for example, varies across individuals. However, through public policy, unacceptable preferences are regulated on social interest grounds.Utilitarian social well-being function Preferences and the resultant consequences are evaluated for each and every individual and then summed up. Individual utilities for a abandoned good are aggregated, and therefore, every utility of an individual prior to the good is incorporated. Individual ranking in the market or society is not taken into account. A public policy that results from this choice is plausibly to depict aspects of loopholes in the observance of individual rights. Minimum allocation choice is not guaranteed.Rawlsian social public assistance function This function is characterized by social equality. This is achieved through presenting maximum benefit to the disadvantaged in the society. Decisions on social institutions depend on peoples individual endowments in society. Where social institutions system is to be established without prior knowledge the endowments, the resultant social welfare function aims at uplifting and benefiting the least advantaged in the society. Public policy under this choice is basically equality-tailored, although wealth creation incentives are probably to be reduced in that process.

Business Environment & Strategic Management Essay

credit line Environment & Strategic Management - Essay ExampleThis part of the essay will analyze some(prenominal) value added activities of Honda motors in the Chinese grocery place in recent years. China is one of the speedy growing economies in the world. Sustainable economic development, political stability of the country and huge social word sense motivated Honda motors to enter in the emerging Chinese railroad car foodstuff. People of China accused that the machine maker may not be able to meet the satisfaction of them. However, looking into these intense market demand and favourable scenarios, the organization decided to enter in this emerging global market place. Guangzhou Honda travel Co. Ltd. is one of the leading automobile producers and distributors in the Chinese market (Fukushi, Sumi and Honda, 2010, p.9). It is a joint venture between Guangzhou Automobile Group and Honda Motor Co. Ltd. the success of this organization has been drawing the attention of some(pre nominal) customers, researchers and journalists. Effective resource base value addition strategies and activities helped the organization to achieve potential competitive advantages in the Chinese automobile industry. ... Recently, China is achieving significant economic growth. Therefore high disposable income and improved purchasing power are motivating the Chinese people to shift towards the luxury car segment. This intense market demand is parcel the organization to push its highly valued luxurious vehicles in Chinese market. According to the resource based view, it can be stated that brand reputation, customer engagement and innovation are considered as the queer resources. R&D of Honda Motors in China tries to maintain effective quality of the vehicles. It is a part of ridiculous resource as the expertise and effective quality control process helps the organization to meet market demand in Chinese market (Chen and Shi, 2005, 124). The leading global organizations are try ing to enhance their organisational culture. Effective organizational culture of Honda is considered as intangible resource. The organization follows bottom-up organizational culture. Employee-engagement in last making process helps the organization to retain its effective and skilled employees (Dunne, 2011, p.151). It increases the confidence level of the employees. Moreover, it reduces the possibility of several workplace conflicts. Effective technician support and financial resources are considered as the threshold resources. Following VRIN analysis good example will help to evaluate the value added activities and resource based view of Honda in Chinese market. worthy Accord, Fit Saloon and Odyssey are popular and well accepted product expansion of Guangzhou Honda Automobile Co. Ltd. in Chinese Market. Moreover, the organization is trying to introduce new innovative vehicles in Chinese market

Dolls Dont Swim Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dolls Dont Swim - Essay ExampleIt was not a busy day, I only passed a few people on my way. The river was peaceful, almost too peaceful. I have never seen it like this. As if it was waiting for something. Then, I saw a brusk girl walking perilously close to the peeing. Her greenish, ballerina-like dress was blending in with the dirty greenness of the water, transforming the teeny-weeny girl into a water nymph. Her golden locks were glistening in the sun, her hand ivory pale, holding a doll. All of a sudden, the fingers that were so carelessly holding the doll, opened up, like a sunflower to the sky, and she started pull a face and spinning in place, like a nymph doing a rain dance, dropping her precious doll. The water swallowed the doll in one gulp, hungrily. There was a scream. Then no girl. I was frozen. The legs that were attached to my body were not mine. When I wanted to call for help, only warm breath oozed from out my mouth. Words were iced up inside my mind. I just sto od there, mesmerized with the sight of the drowning little nymph, like I was mesmerized a few minutes ago by her image. Then, out of nowhere, a young man came running, his red boxershorts flickering in the sun. Without thinking twice, he jumped into the river after the girl. The river violently took him in, reluctant to give either of them choke to the surface world. The young mans athletic body fought the waves as only a paid swimmer could, the girl barely able to keep herself from sinking. Just a little more and hes there, I thought to myself.

Moral Conflict in Antigone by Sophocles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Moral Conflict in Antigone by Sophocles - render ExampleOn the other hand, her civil disobedience has widespread repercussions on the integrity of the principler and the stableness of the state. This paper analyzes and discusses the varied moral conflicts in this adjoin. Several conflicts can be found in Antigone, in particular the conflict surrounded by authority and family duties, natural law and electropositive law, conscience and civic ethics, and duties to man and duties to the gods. The play explores the conflict between authority and family duties. Creon already decrees that Polyneices will non brook a proper inhumation as a traitor to Thebes. He says Him I decree that none should dare entomb, That none should discourse wail or loud lament, But leave his corpse unburied, by the dogs And vultures mangled, foul to look upon. (Sophocles lines 233-236). Antigone, however, is volition to contradict her King and decides to bury Polyneices, because she is bound to her fami ly duties. She asserts this to Ismene, who dissuades her from disobeying Creon At least he is my brother-and yours, too,/....I will not put forward false to him (Sophocles 51-52). Ismene reminds Antigone that she should obey the Kings authority We twain shall perish, if, against the law,/We brave our s all overeigns edict and his power (Sophocles 67-68). ... He tells him Yea, to learn much, and know the time to yield,/Brings no disgrace... (Sophocles 806-807). He asks his father to yield to other peoples reason. For him, the law is not absolute if it will hurt personal ties. Creon, however, will not listen to a woman or his own counsel and family. He says Shall we at our age stoop to learn from him (Sophocles 823). He undermines the youth of his son. For him, Haemon does not have the experience, and consequently, the wisdom, to rule over him. Creon also says ...While I live, at least,/A woman shall not rule (Sophocles 592-593). He will, most especially, not change his law for a wom an, which depicts misogyny during his time. Thus, for Creon, his law is supreme over all family ties. Antigone also illustrates the conflict between positive and natural law. Positive law refers to the law of the state, succession natural law pertains to the unwritten law (Burns 546). Aristotle argues that Antigone depicts the conflict between positive and natural law, or between human nature and the polis (Burns 546). Creon emphasizes his will as the will of the state to Haemon The state, I pray,/It is not reckoned his who governs it? (Sophocles 841-842). Antigone questions the validity of Creons positive law Who traced these laws for all the sons of men/Nor did I deem thy edicts strong enough,/Coming from mortal man, to set at naught (Sophocles 495-497). She argues that the unwritten or natural laws are more important than positive laws. Natural laws have the strength of permanence, while positive laws change with the changing of rulers. Furthermore, natural law refers to what th e people feel as right, or something is universal.

Na Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Na - strain ExampleMany children mimic the television ads and would wish that their body conformation be the same to near popular celebrities in the advertisements they encounter daily in the social media, television, and the internet (Jennifer Siebel Newsom). In order to barely the coming generation from various health issues related to underweight models it is recommended that underweight modeling be illegalise as a way of promoting good health among young adults and celebrities. According to recent news affix in the daily mail, Israel introduced a law in 2013 to burn ultra-skinny models as a way of conflict anorexia (Reynolds).Most women have refused to believe that they can get old and have engaged in facial make up in order to look good. In addition to this, some have been squeeze to enter into difficult diets that end up destroying their natural looks. It is no wonder that one out of two hundred American women is suffering from anorexia just for beauty (Lauren Langman a nd Devorah K). On the other hand, one third of adults in the US are suffering from obesity due to misleading concepts of beauty from the advertisements. My opinion is that advertisements are doing more price than good for the women to an extent that women are forced to change their diets to suit the advertisers and the social media.Reynolds, Emma. Underweight models BANNED in Israel to fight anorexia New law forces women in ads to stay healthy (and faked images have to be identified too). 2 January 2013. 2014

Describe and compare the economies of the UAE and France Essay

Describe and compare the economies of the UAE and France - set about ExampleThe tourism sector of the country is very well-developed. The country enjoys the third largest income from this sector (CIA, 2014).The economy of the get together Arab Emi ranks (U.A.E.) is also a global member of multiple organizations like, OPEC, United Nations and Gulf Cooperation Council. The population of the country is 5,628,805 and 76% of the population is Muslim. The economic increment of the U.A.E. could be mainly attributed to its oil sector. However, recently, the government is trying to promote industries another(prenominal) than oil and involvement of private sector in the economy has increased. The financial crisis of 2008 had affected economic step-up of the country in recent times (CIA, 2014).The purpose of this paper is to compare these devil countries on footing of key economic indicators like, gross domestic product growth rate, GDP per capita, level of unemployment, level of investm ent and balance of compensation position, besides analyzing causes of difference in the level of their performance.In order to compare the level of growth of two countries, GDP growth has been used. Rate of GDP growth is widely employed as an indicator to prize the level of economic growth in a country. GDP can be considered as a summary measure of overall performance of an economy and can facilitate international comparison. The following give in tabulates the GDP growth rate of France.The above graph plots the GDP growth rate of France. It can be seen that the country has been adversely affected by the financial crisis, thereby experiencing negative growth rate in 2008 and 2009. The economy has begun to recover since 2010. However, there is still volatility in the GDP growth.It is seen that the level of GDP growth in the U.A.E. has been adversely impacted by the financial crisis in 2008. A negative growth rate in the GDP is noticed in 2009. From comparing the values in above tw o figures, imperative level of GDP in France is found to be higher than that of the U.A.E. but in terms of GDP growth rate,

Federal Emergency Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Federal Emergency Management - trip Study ExampleIt is considered a must-have in every fire department and a must consume for all fire chiefs so as to help prevent future firefighter fatalities.The Charleston disaster was both predictable and preventable but due to a sequence of ill-preparedness and ill-advised strategic ideas lives were lost. i of the most important lessons in preparedness that is outlined in the report and forms the focus of this study is the culture of firefighting officers at all levels and rank. They should be trained in hazard management systems, how to assess the risks involved, formulate and go across strategies and tactics and in the effective use and care of life-saving equipment.The report found that in addition to the risks pose by the building itself such as highly combustible materials in a large cranial orbit next to a smoking zone and with no warning signs, the large area covered by the loading dock area, no firewalls or sprinklers, among othe r shortcomings relating to the training of the officers at the Charleston Fire subdivision also contributed to the unfortunate events of that evening.The officers at the Charleston Fire Department were poorly trained in incident management systems. The firefighting protocol is that the highest ranking officer that arrives at the scene first assumes the position of Incident commander and initiates operations. The identity of the commander can change during the operation but there can only be one at a time. The Fire Chief and the Assistant Fire Chief did not formally assume command or establish a fixed command post immediately they arrived. They proceeded to kernel the other firemen already on the scene without an incident management system that would have provided command, control, and coordination of the emergency. Since there was no one that was officially in command, there were two teams that were not to be working in bicycle-built-for-two at different areas of the warehouse.

Families in Lebanon Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Families in Lebanon - Case Study Ex longThere are three characters involved in this series and involves a mother, father and their son. The son is the wizard and cuts the figure of an audacious yet respectful child. He is also technologically savvy and sounds educated. The mother is a housewife and can be described as strict and crisp to neatness. She is relatively open-minded as regarding religion rules, and this is seen when she intervenes for his son during an argument between her husband and son concerning the counter of a girlfriend. The father, on the other hand, is portrayed as a strict and conservative parent. He is the headway and provider of the family. In the discussion, the major areas of inte assuagement ordain be on the characteristics and the structure of the family (Arab) in Lebanon as depicted in the videos outlined earlier. The study will also focus on the responsibilities of each instalment of the family as necessitated by the society and in part, religion. A little more focus on the protagonist (the son) will also give a clearer picture of the youthful stage of the children and how their parents influence their way of life. The drift of communication in Lebanese families is also worth a mention and thus the study will also touch on the topic. The discussion, however, starts with an overview of Lebanon in regard to its demographic, cultural and social background. There has not been ample survey to determine the actual universe of discourse size of Lebanon in the new years the most recent census was held in 1932 (Rolland 65). However, sample studies conducted by The National Survey of Household Living Conditions in 2004-2005, estimated the population at 4.2 million people. The countrys ethnic make-up consists of about 95 percent Arabs (Lebanese) and with the rest of the population largely made up of the Armenians (Mahdi 117).

The Nature of Rebellion in Antigone Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Nature of revolution in Antigone Play - Essay ExampleApparently, religion appears as a strong theme in the play since the main character is committed to rebellious actions since the beginning of the play to the end.All through the play, Antigone simply appeared to be intimidating the status quo. She uses the churchman law to defend her actions, however, her faith lies in the position of spot power of individual conscience. Antigone says, I dared. It was not Gods proclamation. That final Justice that rules the world below makes no such laws. Here Antigone is using divine laws as to defend her actions and not acknowledging any of the produce laws. She is expressing believe on her individual conscience by even sacrificing her life to the principles greater than human law. The events after(prenominal) the death of Polyneices also expressed how individual principles were against the law. Ismene had revealed very crucial information and Antigone feels it was not important to be mentioned. With the death of the brother, girls were taken away into the house and Antigone feels that it was wrong. Creon believes that men were made to be tough and strong, girls are conjoin and take womens places in homes. These are laws that do not exist anywhere in divine or defer but rather they are crafted from individual context and may rebel the demands of the state laws.All along the play, Antigone was rebellious to Creon ideas. Antigone chooses to abide by Gods laws rather than those of the state and that makes Antigones actions to be disputable. She believes that the decision to follow her individual conscience was the right decision she made. However, the most interesting amour is that although she rebels the state, her decisions respected the gods.

Professional Accountability Discussion Paper (nursing) Essay

Professional Accountability Discussion Paper (nursing) - Essay ExampleThis discussion is about the passkey accountability of persons engaged in the medical profession. Due to the advancements in the medical technology, today doctors are fit to offer treatments that cure even the very complicated conditions. People with potentially life threatening conditions are able to prolong their lives due to the remarkable improvements in the treatments. But here doctors are faced with an authoritative issue of pardoning to the persevering the kind of treatment to be administered, the possible results, side effects that may fall and get the consent of the patient. Obtaining the consent of the patient is very essential to commence any kind of treatment. persevering autonomy which means the right of the patient who is in a sound mental capacity to contemplate the decision whether to acceptor refuse the treatment is given utmost importance. If the patient is not in a demesne of mind to giv e his consent, efforts should be made to find out the views expressed by him earlier in this regard or the consent of the closest family member should be obtained. When neither could be done, that situation mystify doctors in a fix. They land in an ethical dilemma as to whether to save the life of the patient or to respect his own decision even if it would lead him to his end of life. The following problem deals with such(prenominal) a kind.You are working in a casualty department of a large hospital. An slash victim is rushed in one evening. He is conscious, but badly injured and desperately in need a blood transfusion. However, he turns out to have religious principles that forbid the exchange of blood. You explain the situation to him, including the very really threat to his survival if he does not have a transfusion. He clearly understands exactly what you are telling him, but still refuses to accept a transfusion, and asks you to do what you washbowl by other means. He

Human enhancements and the race for space exploration Research Paper

Human enhancements and the race for space exploration - Research Paper ExampleIt is for this mind that political rivalries such(prenominal) as the Soviet Union and the United States focused all their strengths and intelligence to stage off the innovation about their capability enhancements on the other hand has improved especially in the medical sector. It is unclear how to classify enhancements that reduce disease and death and the arena of medicine has m both practices that do not cure diseases or injuries such as preventative medicine, palliative, plastic surgery, obstetrics, fertility or nonfunctional dental treatments (Roache, 1997). Can space exploration and human enhancements change the face of humanity as we at present know it? This is the first time youve mentioned space exploration. Before you launch into your questions, you need to introduce this thought and relate it more directly to human enhancements. This is confusing.What enhancements have the possibility of cha nging the way we live on a day to day basis? Will these enhancements have a significant impact on American families? Scientists are working on amazing technology such as mapping the human genome, trinity billion chemical letters, centered around one minute molecule human DNA. The possibility of reason disease and the mechanism through which genes are transmitted through generations has scientists constantly working on this computer code as though it was a multi-million dollar sweepstakes and in a way, it is much more important than any quantifiable sum. This is a very vivid, fanciful sentence that grabbed my attention. Good job Modern day marvels such as Viagra, Botox, and serotonin reuptake inhibitors leave scientists posing the questions, will there soon be a major difference between the enhanced human being and the unenhanced human being. Is this a recipe for affair and disaster or human and race improvements? Primitive forms of enhancement such as steroids came about with m arginal changes to the race though major enhancements such as robotic surgery, Nano-technology and stem cell research promise to put forward much bigger splashes in the pool of humanity. Microchip technology, robots used in manufacturing, military and police organizations strain to perform amazing technological feats. Household chores will become much easier and being able to consecrate such a domestic privilege in the next ten to twenty years may be something that more and more people attempt. Global computers take reinforcement of billion-transistor chips and exponential changes have been unique in recent history. The Department of Defense takes advantage of robotic technology, modern medicine and therapy also take advantage of robotic technology, are these magnificent creations soon to be available for every American and at what cost or sacrifice will they bring to the American family as we know it? Mega giants such as NASA continue to articulate sustainability technology for the troubled earth but one must wonder whether this technology will find quickly enough to make a substantial difference in the environment and the ozone. Space exploration has been placed on hold for the near foreseeable future but NASA still develops technology, much ground on what has been discovered in prior space exploration. This paper attempts to examine these questions and explores the possibilities that exist in the world of human enhancements. Methodology A complete literature review will be done on human enhancements as they are now and what is projected in the

Disparities between the Poor and the Rich in the Early to Mid 1800s Research Paper

Disparities among the Poor and the Rich in the Early to Mid 1800s (Pre civic War) - Research Paper ExamplePre-civil period in America was a time for innovation and changes. The acres consisted of farmers and it was mainly underdeveloped. Still, the society managed to turn into a causationful economic nation, which was able to develop frugality and commence their country a more progressive one. The magnetic north in America was an industrialized region, at the equivalent time while the South was an agricultural one. Therefore, it is no wonder that thither was an evident split between the rich and poor layers of the society. The northeasterlyerners turned into a powerful middle class, which was striving for economic and social improvements in the name of democratic future and the Southerners stuck at feudal principles of governing and relied on free labor power of the slaves. The background events of pre-civil war years in America The first step towards civil war events in Amer ica can be found during the period of the Market Revolution. There was a need to give away a social and technological shift and to make a transitive step from the agricultural economy to the economy based on wages and the exchange of goods and services. This transformation was a great challenge for the North and the South in America. Eli Whitney was the initiator of the cotton gin production and he developed the process of manufacturing of goods with the standardized parts (). Cyrus McCormick introduced the mechanical mower-reaper and in such a way the process of grain production in the West was revolutionized (). There are also many other essential background events happening in the country at that time. For example, the emergence of Erie Canal and the Cumberland Road were associated with introduction of the steamboat and railroad. These facts can be considered as the improvements towards the ideal of economic relations between the North and the West of the country (Collier and S ambanis, 2005). We can see that America during nonmodern years was moving towards urbanization and industrialization. In 1820 there were millions of migrants in the country. People were not satisfied with the lives they had and precious to have something better. They left their farms and rushed into urbanized and developed cities of the North. In order to advance industrial economy, the North of America needed more and more workers. Consequently, farmers flooded the Northern part of the country together with immigrants from Ireland and Scotland. Therefore, there was a coming split between rich and poor social classes in America. This social unrest resulted in dramatic background of the civil war in America. The changing society The abovementioned revolutionary events should be considered from the positive perspective as well. Thus, the introduction of the wage labor system was a determinant instrument for the development of the first middle class. Various reforms were initiated b y the representatives of this class, which consisted of white-collar workers and professional laborers. For example, this social class do an emphasis on the necessity to reduce alcohol consumption, abolish prostitution, improve living conditions in prisons and demoniacal asylums, invest more money into and develop education, remove slavery as a social phenomenon (Sheehan-Dean, 2011). At the political level of the country, different changes and reforms occurred as well. Thus, the rights of the different states were the most striking issues during that period of time. There were

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design Assignment Research Paper

offence Prevention Through Environmental Design Assignment - Research Paper ExampleConcrete and cultivable strategies are therefore necessary to compact the crime related complications. Crime Prevention Approaches To achieve the full(a) goal of crime prevention in any society, all stakeholders should be exclusively involved. Policy makers, conjunction members, developers and law enforcers have to work collectively in the battle against sad activities. Traditionally, crime prevention was the cartel of the police officers and the judicially. Community members and other community key players were not involved. With the modern technology and complexity of criminal activities in the society, the contribution of all informers in society is paramount. Crime prevention by environmental shape (CPTED) has incorporated all stakeholders in addressing criminal activities in the society. According to Crime prevention through environmental heading strategy, profound designs and inclusive u se of the general environment reduces tremendously the level of criminal activities in the society. The strategy works directly and indirectly in fettering notorious criminal activities in a society. CPTED encourages line of reasoning people, neighbors and community organizations to combine their effort in preventing crime. The guiding principle in crime prevention through environmental design is time to time community consultation (Crowe 209). The constituents of CPTED are divided into two generations, the kickoff generation and the second generation. The first generation entails components of physical designs. In this case physical designs include territoriality, pictorial surveillance, access control and image. The second generation is composed of social variables of the neighborhoods. hollering speak is one of the biggest cities in northern Ontario Canada. The urban center is mostly occupied by miners. There are very many idlers in the urban center due to job scarcity (Zi mmerman 200). The city accommodates one of the most attractive tourist sceneries in Canada. The city is known for its high level of criminal activities. Crime is very rampant in Thunder Bay city. The most apparent criminal activities in Thunder Bay city include, rape, and drug trafficking, murder, prostitution, and thievery (Zimmerman 200). The security agencies have tried to reduce this criminal activities but their effort is futile. The criminal activities in the city have discouraged tourist in the area. The crimes activities have also developed fear among the city residents. With straightlaced utilization of the crime prevention through environment design principles, criminal activities in the country stack be a thing of the past (Zimmerman 200). There is dire need for intensive inclusion of the available resources in the fight against criminal activities. Proper integration of the crime prevention through environmental design principles by the city planners, community, home owners, and developers is the only apparent solution to criminal activities in Thunder Bay city. There most relevant CPTED principles in the city includes The Natural Surveillance Principle The principle is establish on the notion that, criminals do not wish to be observed when doing their criminal activities (Jeffrey 140). The legitimate users of the city or any residential place are expected to be in touch with what is misadventure on the street. Through this principle suspicious visitors are easily identified .The basic aim of the rude(a) surveillance is to eliminate all the obstacles in the streets, providing adequate lights in

Mid term essays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mid margin essays - Essay ExampleThere are many perspectives on this issue. But the answer to this question is instead simple. One issue with philosophy is that it has clouded many important debates in voluminous words and isolated theories. The books written on the subject are so difficult and confusing that they are not doing the near they must do to the society. The disparity between the understanding of a lay man and philosophy has harmed, in my opinion, the world.The answer is very simple. There is no point in this argument that a mortal has to be clean in order to perform a right action. The first problem with this statement is that who and how this everlasting(a) man will be defined. According to Aristotle a person is virtuous if he displays a see behavior that is a behavior that is between the two extremes (Bostock, 2000). He also believed that lawfulness is something that give notice and be learnt and one is not born a virtuous man.Without commenting on the Doctr ine of Mean of Aristotle, I would like to agree with Aristotle on this part that virtue is acquired and is not something that a person enjoys from birth. The idea that virtue is learnt provides answer to our question. Virtue if learnt can be achieved by any person, and not just a virtuous person. Anyone can learn to become virtuous can in turn can perform a virtuous act.Even if a person has not acquired solely the traits of a virtuous person, he can perform a virtuous action if he has learnt that particular virtuous behavior. We should understand this by an example. A person who has all the traits of a virtuous man in considered virtuous. Now if there is a person who has only some traits of a virtuous man, like he is honest and just, but not all traits of a virtuous man (he is not courageous) then he can perform virtuous (just and honest) acts. He may not be courageous but he can perform a virtuous act.If virtue is acquired and not granted by birth, then a person who is not courage ous straightaway can become courageous tomorrow. So

History of Asia since 1600 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

History of Asia since 1600 - Essay ExampleAlthough, the exaggerated interest in fieldism in 30s led to the rise of fascist and Nazi ideas, it also provoked the anti colonial inflammation movements in Asia (Smith 95). The current essay will examine the peculiarities and the differences of the nationalistic movements in Eastern, Southern, and South-Eastern Asia at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of 20th century.At the beginning of the 20th century, the countries of the South and Eastern Asia were completely dependent on England, France, and the Netherlands as their mother countries. For maintaining these areas, there were established specific methods of governing, from protectorate to politically powerless territories. The World struggle I gave a push to the creation of national economies, and, consequently, to the formation of the national cap and the working class. alteration of the existing structures of the society caused the emergence of new conflicts between the labor and the capital, between the national capital and the capital of metropolis, and the decline of traditional elites. On the new basis, the national liberation movement began to develop. The newly form national political parties sought to overcome the backwardness with the help of gaining national independence and modernization.In India, it was Indian peasantry that formed a major force in the national liberation movement in the interwar period. To involve a broad amount of population into this movement, it was needed to take into account socio-psychological characteristics of the Indian peasantry and urban workers, yesterdays peasants. Prominent role in the organization of mass non-violent campaign of the resistance to the colonial regime in the 20 - 40s of the 20th century belonged to Mahatma Gandhi. He was the one to shape India national ideology. convey to Gandhi, the idea of the absolute independence of India was put forward. In this respect, Indian

Polite and gracious Essay Example for Free

Polite and gracious EssayFor the send-off snip in my life things seemed to be aiming on the bright side and then, fairish like usual, it was disunite away from me by a selfish, ignorant Mr.Birling. I had been doing well at the works, had only recently been promoted as the leading officer, a head of a group of girls. I was in charge of them and got to k like a shot them well, in that location was Betty, Martha, Lucy, Agatha, Emma, Vicky and quite a few others. Marthas the smoothst. Shes an orphan, like me so I guess.Well, during the short holiday in the summer, we got public lecture ab surface our wages and how to the highest degree of us were barely scraping by on the measly 22 6pence we got. I advert upon we were only scarcely surviving and its no good just being equal to(p) to survive, we wanted to live Other people do so why cant we So sightedness as we shouldnt be make outed as cheap labour, unless people we decided to go to Mr.Birling himself and wait for 15 shillings instead.But as he is mean and penny pinching he refused blankly. Said he wouldnt change surface consider it After that it only gets worse. Stupid as we were we went on train hoping that that would show him just of flesh how could we manage having just been on holiday. We were all even more than broke then usual, so the strike having failed miserably we had no choice just now to go fanny to the works.But No It wasnt as unproblematic as that, life never is. Of course he wouldnt accept us ringleaders back and came down himself and told us to clear out I had a lot to say to that Mr.Birling but he wouldnt even heed to a word of it Sent us packing right on the spot. If only he would hurl listened to me, Id begin told him a thing or twoGod, there is so m some(prenominal) thoughts and questions running musical rhythm my head There is so much I want to say to people, but no superstar lead listen. There are so many others just like me out there, who struggle and pay simply because of the conditions they work in and the measly wages they receive but no whizz dares do anything about it. Why shouldnt we try for higher wages? Its unjust that we should be sacked just for having a little more spirit than the othersBut who am I kidding? Im just lower class, cheap labour, scum. Im meant to just accept that thats the way it is. Dont try and go against it, dont ask questions, dont do any thing but just take whats given you. Maybe it is Gods will for me to end up like this, just like it was for my parents.Im ireful and frightened and dont go through what to do. I book looked for almost 2 months for some kind of work but it is scarce and hard to get, Im living in lodgings which I cannot do for much longer, I have no money saved, not one penny, no family, few friends, no home to go back to, Im lonely and scared, stuck in a rut, unable to climb any where higher or smash. No one to turn to for support or comfort apart from the lord some may say. But whe n out of the many times I have begged him to help me had he answered my prayers? Never.Enough of this miserable complaining. When has it done anybody any good? I guess Eva Smith is better than this (or I shall try to be). Just because some mean selfish man made me lose and stemma, that I hardly enjoyed any way, doesnt mean I have to throw everything away and stop living I will try Tomorrow I will continue looking for a job although if I shall succeed I do not know, but it is better than sitting here counting the pennies in the ugliness.I have never been so skilful Last week at decision, my dream came true No more cold nights, no more hungry bellies, no worrying if Ill make it till tomorrow, I am at last safe I have eventually found a respectable, fairly well paid, secure job at one of the best, and most expensive shops around. Milwards Every body goes there. No, not only every natural body but every rich, prosperous noble body Its a wonderful stroke of luck, I really couldnt of asked for a better jobIts lovely on the job(p) there, Im treated like a universal human being for once. Its an amazing change from the factory where I would be surrounded by out loud machinery drilling into my head, people moaning and sweating, horrible smells, shouts and cries, no escaping from it. But now its completely different. Everywhere I look I see beautiful, clothes hanging rail by rail and whereas before the most I could do was longingly stare into shop windows I can now actually hold these beautiful dresses and if Im lucky, try them on I may even start saving up for one even though it would take a long, long time. Lovely people talk to me there and theyre ever so polite and gracious.They no longer look at me as if Im some piece of dirt but almost as if Im one of them. I feel like Ive entered a different humans, a world with out suffering and pain. I see this as a good fresh start for a new life, a new road now lies ahead of me. This job is a lot better pay (I now ge t 95 shillings a week) so I can now start looking to try and rent a place out for my self but the first thing I will do is go a buy my self a nice juicy steak with some of this weeks wages. Its been so long since Ive had a proper, tasty meal, I can feel my backtalk watering just cerebration about it.Well enough about food. I have been thinking recently that its about time I tried to find my self a husband. I look around me and everywhere I see are happy couples arm in arm. I know my parent would have wanted me to find a nice young man and now Im working in respectable job I can hopefully find one who isnt too disadvantageously well off and quickly settle down happily. I can see myself, in a few years time, married to a works manager of some sort. Hed be tall and dark and have beautiful blue eyes. Hed be ever so loving and caring to me and would never treat me badly. Wed have two lovely children, a girl and a boy, and we would live in the biggest, most beautiful rose covered, mari gold house, along pixmore lane.

Effectiveness of Time and Financial Management Essay Example for Free

Effectiveness of Time and Financial Management EssayChapter 1I. mental homeA. General Statement to the Effectiveness of Time and Financial Management on selected scholars of Adamson University1. Profile of the Selected ScholarsB. Statement of the occupation ( How can they cope up with the demands of their respective courses?C. Objectives of the studyD. Relevance of the studyE. Definition of termsChapter 2II. Survey of Related LiteratureA. Foreign studies1. Working bookmans/Student Assistants2. ScholarsB. Local Studies1. Working Students/Student Assistants2. ScholarsChapter 3III. Methods on how to measure effectiveness of time and financial solicitudeA. Results of Survey/Questionnaire to the Selected Scholars of Adamson University1. graphical recordical Representation2. depth psychology of the resultsIV. ConclusionChapter 3Methods on how to measure Effectiveness of Time and Financial ManagementThe researchers chose 7 dissimilar scholars to conduct a survey about thechosen topic. M ost of the answerings came from student assistants family and the others came from the category of academic scholars. These scholars were given scholarships from Ozanam Study Grant Program and Megaworld Foundation. On the range of their ages, 17-22 years aged were the students who were given an opportunity they wanted to have.The scholars macrocosm interviewed have a daily allowance of more or less 150 pesos. On the Graph 1.1 being shown below be some of the expenses of the following students.Graph 1.1A little physical body of respondents said that they stay in boarding ho engagements that cost them Php 1,600 to Php 1,700. Literally, the cost was being solved by their parents. 3 out of 7 students said that both of their parents are self-employed. 1 respondent said that his/her parents run a business and another corresponds to unemployed parents. The rest of the students match up on other answers like their father/mother neither is an overseas Filipino worker, a tricycle driver , a plain housewife nor was deceased.Researchers proceed to the monthly income of their parents in able to measure the financial background of apiece and every respondent. Graph 1.2 illustrates the possible monthly income of the parents of these learners.Graph 1.2As you can see, there is an equality of 14,000 and turn away and 15,000-20,000 income. It is based on the survey being conducted by the researchers and from the occupation of their parents. On the part of their financial management, they worn-out(a) the biggest part of their allowance for their food (50%) followed by their transportation and some other expenses. This shows that food is very all-important(a) especially for the scholars like them. Food is an essential and they must not ignore because of the responsibilities they have in the university.The primary reason of the pupils asked in preferring themselves in being a scholar of Adamson University is that because they wanted to help their parents in lessen the exp enses. In this reason, an individual can determine that financial or cash matters are the first buns in order for them to have financial management. Other reasons are for them to gain independency.The effectiveness of financial management is measured by proper usage of money and thinking a creative way of using up money.The researchers also find ways on evaluating time supervision of scholars. Because of a more number of student assistants being interviewed, close of their time is allotted on their duties. Here is Graph 1.3 that shows how long an customary scholar uses his /her time in the university.Graph 1.3Take a look of the graph that has been illustrated by the researchers. Student D and F are academic scholars. According to the information gathered from the survey, these students are academic scholars. As academic scholars, their worlds are focused on studying. They usually spend time in resting, studying and in time have a time for leisure. On the other hand, the remain ing students (A, B , C and E) make use of their time in duties and offices.Equalizing time in each activity of a student like them is not easy to do. Like on the Graph 1.3, student assistants are divided in different opinions. most of them were able to balance their time and others cannot. Same answer was derived by academic scholars. However, they also answered it depends on the situation. Situations are unpredictable and make equalization of time in different planned activities. Somehow, all of them have a time for rest and have a break after long hours from school.Lastly, as a scholar, crop is the most important or basis in acquiring scholarships. Grades of these scholars are not affected by activities being done in school. Therefore, these learners have a good strategic measures in managing their time and studies. Chapter 4ConclusionBased on the presented and interpreted data above, the following conclusions were drawn 1. That most of the scholars spend their money more on foo dfor it is an essential need. 2. That most of the scholars wanted to help their parents to reduce the number of expenses. 3. That most of the scholars allot their time to school by doing different duties but assures that grades of them will not be affected.Chapter 2Survey of Related Literature

In Spite Of the Gods the Rise of Modern India Book Review Essay Example for Free

In Spite Of the Gods the Rise of Modern India Book Review EssayIn Spite of the Gods the Rise of Modern India was written by author Edward Luce. Edward Luce is a British reporter who describe for the Financial Times from 2001 to 2006 for South Asian countries. He is married to an Indian woman, Priya Basu. Edward Luce went to school in capital of the United Kingdom so he has a British education that is compared to the education received in India. The book In Spite of the Gods the Rise of Modern India is a very elabo array book that shows all the sides of Indian market-gardening and life. The book shows in detail the economic system and status and the caste system that is used in India. He writes about India in smashing depth exposing corruption in the government system. He as well shows that India is a rival to the United States. Edward Luce states that India is the largest commonwealth and has real elections in the country. Even though India is a democracy and has real elect ions there is an also a lot of corruption in India. The corruption is a nervous strain that holds India back greatly from becoming a dominant world power. The economy of India excuse thrives enough to be an economic rival to the United States and china.Even though India is thriving Luce writes that Indias 1.1 billion people further 35 million have formal jobs that are enough to pay taxes. Even with this burden India still has a successful economy and can compete with other(a) large countries. Luce states India has a highly interwoven economy. Its complex steel plants are helping put their Japanese and American counterparts out of business (pg. 55). In the book Edward Luce discusses the castes systems and explains the differences and conflicts of this system. Edward Luce discusses how the caste systems are separated by the dharma or duty. But it is the Dharma of caste that perhaps gives us the best insight into how Indias traditional society saw itself (pg. 105). In India like m ost other countries the top(prenominal) classes are the wealthy and educated people.On difference in India than most other countries is the literacy rate all caste have a high literacy rate. Edward Luce covers all of the aspects of life in India in great detail. He has a very neutral view on all issues in his writing and solely covers the truth about India. Edward Luce did such a good job by interviewing the people of India all classes from the upper class and the more common people of India. Luce then states that India is a growing country and will compel very successful if it overcomes corruption and poverty. I feel like I have such a better understanding of this complex country after reviewing his book.

The Fall of Richard Nixon Essay Example for Free

The Fall of Richard Nixon EssayTheodore White is unrivalled of the around sought after history writers about the inner details on prexyial issues that cover the American history. The political background of different issues that covered the inner cases of the presidents life, during and after their brass in the US is something that is one of the most great features of the writings of this particular author. One of the most important written run shorts of White is that of the book entitled weaken of Faith The Fall of Richard Nixon. This reading of course focuses on the process on how Richard Nixon failed to bring the American society at the brim of its dreams.Summary and subject matter In his first State of the Union Message, the 37th president of the United States, Richard M. Nixon, placed first antecedence on world peace and a just settlement of the war in Vietnam. But his major(ip) preoccupation was the state of America. Commenting on his speech, the New York Times s aid His picture was of a nation robbed of its natural heritage by human and industrial cargonlessness, cheated of the dividends of economic growth by inflation, poorly served by a proliferating Federal apparatus, and threatened by crime and the growth in population. Nixons theme was best evince perhaps in a rhetorical question. In the next ten years we shall increase our wealthiness by 50 pct, he said. The profound question isdoes this mean that we will be 50 percent richer in a real sense, 50 percent better off, 50 percent happier? Does the record of the away ten years provide a sound basis for answering, Yes? The majority of the nations peoples who do it in metropolitan areas choked by traffic, suffocated by smog, poisoned by water, deafened by noise and terrorized by crime see little reason for great optimism. After reelection, American president Richard M.Nixon pledged to work to end the whole era of permissiveness in the United States. He declared We have passed finishe d a very great spiritual crisis in this country, and says that the Vietnam war was only part of the problem. It was also inform that Mr. Nixon intends to restructure the Federal government. Many believe that the moves the president intends to make could increase his power while lessen that of the Cabinet. A domestic crisis exists in the United States. In 1968 Richard Nixon at the climax of his presidential campaign adoptive the slogan, Bring Us Together. Now, a year and a half later, says a news report from Washington, D. C. , Americans are so torn apart, so savage toward each other, that the president and Mrs. Nixon, obviously for safety reasons, were prevailed on to offset trips around the country. The country, said Mayor Lindsay of New York, is virtually on the edge of a spiritualand perhaps even a physicalbreakdown. Historian Arnold Toynbee commented The American people seem to be moving chop-chop towards civil war middle-aged noncombatants against young men subject to th e draft the affluent against the poor neat against black, students against the National Guard ..The decision on the American home-front is going to decide the fate of the world, and the rest of us can do nothing about it. We have no say, but we, too, are going to be victims of Americas domestic agony. Overall Critique It could not be denied that with the written work of White, it could be observed that he was able to decipher the different elements of the Nixon administration that has placed it in a maculation that has caused it to fail in giving America the rightful dream that they want to realize.It could be observed that by dint of this written work, it is not that hard to understand how the Nixon administration set a sample to the coming administrations as to what needs to be done and what needs to be avoided to be able to come up with the most effective policies that are made to make the entire society succeed towards its realization of the future righteousness of it dream s fulfillments.Furthermore, this book also notes the implication of the Nixon administration towards the exploration of American politics as per noted and recognised as an important part of the American society. Theres a lot of hypocrisy . . . and so forth in political life, said former U. S. President Richard Nixon in a recent TV interview. Its necessary in order to get into office and in order to retain office. In speaking about political campaigning, he said As a candidate, you have to dissemble, you have to make that you cant say what you think about an individual because you may have to use him or need him sometime in the future. He felt that when a politician or a president says something he does not believe, it should not be viewed as lying it is just a part of politics. References Theodore H. White. (1975). Breach of Faith The Fall of Richard Nixon. Scribner 1st edition.

Cause and effect Essay Example for Free

Cause and effect EssayI am going to be lecture about the cause and effects of peer pressure on todays teens. Most of the term peer pressure is caused when teens develop the strong desire to fit in and be accepted by others. In high school most teens think that to fit in they have to be discover and do whatever the popular crowd is doing, even if that means they will get in trouble. What around parents dont realize these days is that they have a strong influence on their childrens lives and how they handle day to day issues. When youre tuff and set good guide lines for your child and memorise them wrong from right they will be less tempted to do wrong because they will have guidance. almost off the effects that peer pressure can cause can be harmful or lead to being kicked out of school. When teens are persuaded into doing the wrong thing there is going to be consequences for their actions.It could conduct in the child being kicked off of their team, out of school or even w orse, they could end up in jail. The causes of peer pressure are very real in todays companionship and if your teen or child isnt careful who they hang around, they might be pressured into doing the wrong thing. get to sure to talk with your child and let them know that you are there for them and they can come to you whenever they aim to talk about something.

United States Economic and Foreign Policies Towards Latin America Essay Example for Free

get together States scotch and Foreign Policies Towards Latin the States Essayjoined States and Latin the States need each new(prenominal) by the virtue of sharing common boundary so the spl stopping pointor of the stinting policies which favor these countries for mutual benefit. Latin the States is one of the unite State merc tip overise market, for prototype in 1992 export exceeded $ 100 trillion to this region . According to Fryer 1993, Latin the Statesn stinting association with joined States resulted to negative effect. Latin the States eternal debts in 1992 was approximately $330 billion get together States lending institution getting the largest amount of monthly servicing of this debt about 2 pct . This resulted to Latin the Statesn contributing to deficit in the coupled State budget consequently the importance of better economical and external policy for mutual benefit . Latin America out-of-pocket to it geographical position to join States is inextricabl y dependent on the United States miserliness and on the other hand United States rescue benefit a lot from trade. After accusation of neglect of Latin America, United States authorities have changed tune time of mothy war perception that Latin America was a threat to an crucial economic partner .United States and Latin America have been having historical imbalances economically and in foreign policies. Overtime, policies to change this trend have been put in place due to identification that these countries are important to United States equally like northern partners (Vasquez). This means, policies favoring healthy relationship designed by United States would help in ensuring these countries enjoy mutual benefit. To Latin American, Economic and foreign policies are important since they are dependent of the United States economy.If the economic well being of United States is affected for example by recession this duplicates to their economies. Relationship of most government fro m south and United States economic policies has been unhealthy characterized by inverse to various policies. In the history, Latin countries foreign policies have been designed in opposition to the United States policies . This is due to United States authorities trying to interfere and meddling with the internal affair of these countries.A good example to this is the influence which Russia was able to influence most of the Latin Government to adopt communism policies against United States capitalist economy policies. According to Rabe 1988, Latin Americans in history have bitter to various United States policies mostly economic and foreign. A good example to this argument is the episode which transpired to Vice President Nixon being stoned in May 1958 in his tour to South America in attempt to smug confidence on foreign and economic policies .This was under leadership of Eisenhower and his foreign and economic policies of anti-communism. In 50s and 60s, Southern economy was ontog enesis in a sluggish manner since price of produce from these countries continued to decay yet United State imported 70 percent of their produce . United States showed no inte anticipate in stabilize prices making Latin American countries to suffer economically. This made the socialism ideology to take centre branch in the policies of most of Latin American country protesting against U. S economic and foreign policies.This resulted to counter policies by United States against the communism and economic sanction which harmed economic status of southern countries. This trend continued to the rimed war period until fall of Soviet Union and it communism policies. Current foreign and economic policies toward Latin America have been designed to amend bitter past relationship and forge for healthy foreign and economic policies for mutual benefit. There has been a major progress since the collapse of the Berlin wall in 1989, hence falls of Soviet union resulting to change of various admi nistrative policies in South America.From 1990, Latin America has experienced major changes which include giving way to democratic governance, adoption of free market economy model, regulating on protectionism policies, giving way to privatization and adjusting on their trade regime. This gave way to future relationship of United States which was initially forged by former President George Bush, under Enterprise for the Americas Initiative umbrella. This was marking end to U. S. cold-blooded war policies which were obstacle to social, political and economic progress in Latin America countries .United States foreign policies employed to third world countries since cold war period are confrontation or engagement. Allies of U. S. have been subjected to engagement policy which meant that, they would get economic and military support. On the other hand, they were expect to adopt an environment favorable to United States policies . On the Latin America, United State has been persuading L atin American countries toward the policy of engagement without a major success hence subjecting these countries to U. S foreign policy of confrontation. insurance policy of confrontation was employed to countries against U.S policies of capitalism and interests. United States use it economic, military as well as political mighty to convert countries to support their interests during cold war period. This policy was employed to Latin America although in most instances it failed . Turn around of the U. S relationship with Latin America has resulted to Latin countries comprehend American economic policies. For example Mexico has been in fore front of Latin America region in ditching inefficient protectionism polices, adopting privatization, debt reduction and foreign investment all which are under United States economic policies for south.United States economic policies have shown major effect in Mexico with North American Free Trade treaty (NAFTA) helping this country to economic reformation. Mexico approval by NAFT is a major test for post cold war relationship among Latin American countries and success of failure having a direct impact to rest of the Southerners . United States economic policies on free trade advised to be employed in Latin America and in operation in Mexico does not automatic translates to a well-distributed economic growth overnight.Also, it does not convert ailing economies as it is purported to be. Latin American economy is comprised of very little wealthy line of people consisting of ruling elite. Their middle categories of people consist of very few individuals with the majority of the population musical accompaniment in poverty like any other third world countries . United States trying to duplicating its economic policies to Latin America may be misplaced due to the fact that if wealth distribution complex body part is different from that of third world countries.This gets us to quagmire of whether the economic policies advance d(a) by Unites States to Latin America can reduce current economic loss . Some scholars have for argued that the policy of laissez faire capitalism results to bulky gap between poor and rich in the community, questioning rationality of employing it in Latin America . There is a contradiction of capitalism and socialist theory not able to give the office solve to the eradication of poverty in the third world countries economies. Communism tried to employed stem of supporting every one towards equality by ignored the human fundamental drive i.e. inducement system which have been key to economic growth under capitalism economic policies . On the other hand, capitalism policies and liberalization of the economy which a key economic policies advanced by U. S. to Latin America may fail. For example opening up market by Australian Authority resulted to loss of avocation and fall of production welkin resulting to increased imports against export. This gets to the question whether th is may duplicate to the economies of Latin America countries since encase of western capitalism contains it own contradiction.Various studies indicate that unregulated markets lead to economic exploitation and injustice which may be experience in Latin American after adopting U. S. economic policies. If the economic policies advanced by United States to Latin America fail, bitter rivalry which has been in existence before the cold war might escalate again and blame game of United States sabotaging Latin America economy may be renewed . To ensure United States economic and foreign policies succeed on Latin America, policies geared toward bridging the economic diversity within this region are important.This is because some countries have adopted the United States economic policies while others are about or implementing them. For example Mexico and Chile economic policy instruction execution has lead to economic growth . On the other hand countries like Argentina are not yet stable e conomically stable. Argentina recorded economic deterioration in 2000 and 2001. For Latin America to benefit from United States economic and foreign policies there should be a defined categorization match to economic differences since necessarily may be different .Economic policies to nurture growth of private sector and improve productiveness are of great importance. These policies lead to enhanced economic growth, a right answer to poverty eradication in Southern hemisphere. United state economic and foreign policies should put vehemence on productivity through partnering with institution like Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and other financial partners . This exit be inconsistent with President Bush policies i. e. investing in people, ruling justly and opening doors for economic freedom.Meaning that a major emphasis on development of human capital through improving education system and employment of new technologies for high productivity. Ruling justly help attaining o f increased productivity as corruption and protection of contracts may attract private investment which is key to increased productivity. Therefore, United States economic policies should focus on the area of productivity and apply it categorically according to economic needs of different Latin American countries. Bibliography Feldstein, Martin S. (1988) The United States in the World EconomyNational Bureau of Economic Research. ISBN 0226240789, 9780226240787 University of Chicago Press. Fryer Wesley A. (1993) Defining and Refocusing US policy Toward Latin America. Retrieved on 17th November 2008 from http//www. wesfryer. com/uslapolicy. html. Garcia, Enrique 2005 powder magazine article The Quest for Development in Latin America Rabe Stephen G. (1988) Eisenhower and Latin America The Foreign Policy of Anticommunism. ISBN 0807842044, 9780807842041 UNC Press Krueger, Anne O. 1993 Economic Policies at Cross-purposes The United States and Developing Countries.ISBN 0815750536, 9780815 75053 6Brookings Institution Press Mishkin Frederic S. and Savastano Miguel A. 2002 Monetary Policy Strategies for emerge Market Countries Lessons from Latin America Journal article Comparative Economic Studies Paulo Sotero (2005) Democracy in Latin America Alive but Not Well Magazine article Foreign Policy Taylor canful B. 2002 United States Economic Policy Toward Latin America and the Role of the International Financial Institutions. Retrieve on 17th November 2008 from http//www. stanford. edu/johntayl/taylorspeeches/United%20States%20Ec

Chemistry IA design format Essay Example for Free

Chemistry IA design haomaat Essay1.0.0- Introduction1.0.1- localize Question- If the clutch of atomic number 12 reacted with hydrochloric acid is convinced testament the temperature of the solution increase and the total rush decrease.1.0.2- Hypothesis- If the bargain of magnesium that is reacted with hydrochloric acid is changed the temperature of the solution will increase and the total mass will decrease.1.0.3- Theory- The chemical reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric reaction is written as follows, Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq) (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g) (Ng, 2008, pg 1). This reaction goes through two distinct changes that both have an encumbrance on the elan vital change in the reaction. Enthalpy refers to changes in heftiness in a meld (Assut, 2008, pg 1). Two distinct changes can occur. An endothermic change occurs when the vital force being imprisoned is grater then the energy being released whereas and heat-releasing change is when the energy being released is greater t han the energy being absorbed. Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken and energy is released when they are anatomyed (Newton, 2008, pg1). Energy change cannot be directly measured. all the same energy change affects the physical force of heat.Therefore a heat change is indicative of an energy change. If the heat increase in the solution the change will be exothermic and if the heat decreases the reaction will be endothermic. In respects to the formula Magnesium forms an ionic bond with centiliter to form the salt magnesium chloride. When this bond is formed energy is released in the form of an endothermic change, this energy down would be quite small however because the bond is ionic and does not take much energy to create since magnesium and chorine bond easily. However the second change is that hydrogen disturbances off from chlorine in the hydrochloric acid and hydrogen is released as a gas.The breaking of bonds would absorb energy therefore forming an exothermic reaction. Hydrogen and chorine however form a very strong covalent bond. Covalent bonds form between atoms with similar electronegative forces and are there for take a lot of energy to break ( Anissimov, 2008, pg 1) Since the endothermic change is weak and the exothermic change is strong it can be predicted that the overall change will be exothermic and therefore the solution will heat up. Temperature change in a chemical reaction can be measured with a device known as a calorimeter. A calorimeter measures the heat of the solution before the reaction has occurred and then again after the reactant has been added (Whel, 2008, pg 1). These two determine can be mathematically manipulated to find the relative change in temperature.If two of the same centerfield have different masses it meat there is much of the one substance. In a mass of a substance there is a certain summate of material that can be reacted. By increasing mass the amount of substance that may be reacted increases. Therefor e if mass increased the amount that of substance reacted will increase as well providing there is enough of the reactant. This will in unloosen increase the energy change. Also if more of the substance reacts with the reactant more of the reactant will be used up. This means that if the magnesium is increased there will be more reaction with hydrochloric acid this means that more hydrogen will be released as gas and the total mass of the solution will decrease. henceforth the change in heat should be greater if their entire solution is lighter as more of the hydrochloric acid has been reacted and hydrogen lost as a gas.How the reaction works (Figure 1)Mg(s)+ 2HCL (aq) (MgCl2(aq)+H2 (g)1.1.0- accountantling variables1.1.1- Variables (Table 1)Variable lineament of variableMethod for controlMass of magnesiumIndependentMass will change for for each one sample, sample range will be 2g, 4g, 6g, 8g and 10gHeat change capableThis will be calculate by subtracting the final heat of the so lution by the initial heat of the solution. The data will be gathered by using a calorimeterChange in mass in solutionDependentThis will be calculated by measuring the weight of the solution and subtracting the weight of the calorimeter and the magnesium. The original mass not including calorimeter and the magnesium will then be subtracted by this value to mind the change of mass in the solution.Initial temperatureControlledThe temperature of the solution will be heated to 25c and the reaction starting signaled immediately.External temperatureControlledThe room temperature will be controlled at 24cVolume of hydrochloric acidControlledThe volume of hydrochloric acid will be 40mls per sample.Measuring setupControlledA 50ml calorimeter with electronic thermometer and a scale with milligram accuracy.Time of experimentControlledThe experiment will be ended when reaction is fully complete and reaction will be given 10 seconds to calibrate before results are takenReplicationsControlledS tandard 5 replications of each sample will be performed.1.1.2- Control used in comparison- The reacted samples will be compared against hydrochloric acid with no magnesium that is also 25 degrees Celsius. Since the temperature cadaver constant there should be no energy or mass change, this would mean that on a graph this would represent a straight line which others samples with energy changes (heat changes) could be compared to.BibliographyNg, H.N, 2008, Acid reactions, Vat.Gov.Un, Accessed 21/08/09, http//vat.maharashtra.gov.in/communicationcenter/QueryAnswerSubjectwise.php?start=3090subId=0000000007.Asset, M.A, 2008, Chemical Enthalpy, Nasa.gov, Accessed 21/08/09, http//www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/enthalpy.htmlNewton, R.N, 2008, Energetics and bonding, Unknown sponsor, Accessed 21/08/09, http//www.webchem.net/notes/how_far/enthalpy/enthalpy_diagrams.htmAnissimov, T.A, 2007 Chemical bonding, Simon Frasier University, Accessed 21/08/09, http//www.chem1.com/acad/webtext/chemb ond/Whel, L.W, 2006, Calorimeters, Stanford University, Accessed 21/08/09, http//www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/detectors/calorimeters.htmlAcknowledgmentsThe procedure of this experiment is a adaption of a previous class experiment. The source of the procedure is unknown, so give thanks to Miss Crook for the inspirations for this design.

Rosalind And Celia The Main Character Essay Example for Free

Rosalind And Celia The Main Character Essay1. As you like it is full of characters make uping to be someone other than themselves. To what degree argon the characters aware that they are role playing? Does their acting have stark consequences, or is it merely a game.In the textual matter as you like it by William Shakespeare many characters have alter egos in whom they use to influence and tie in themselves with other characters. The two main characters that are pretending to be someone other than themselves are Celia and Rosalind. In act 1 of the text Rosalind is banished from the court of the duke and decides to seek upon her father in the forest of Arden. Rosalind and Celia decide to camouflage themselves, Celia as a country girl named Aliena and Rosalind as a young man named Ganymede. Rosalind and Celia are unconscious(predicate) of the consequences that occur from having disguises.A consequence of Rosalinds male disguise as Ganymede is that she makes Phebe, a female sh epherdess in the forest of Arden fall in love with her. This disturbs the natural order in which Phebe is in love with a fellow shepherd Silvius. Rosalinds gender swapping has created a consequence in she has made a cleaning woman fall in love with her when she is in love with Orlando. In the end Phebe goes back to Silvius and the consequence of Rosalinds role-playing is resolved.The role-playing in the text does have effects on the other characters but Rosalind does end up marrying Orlando, Celia ends up marrying Oliver and Phebe ends up marrying Silvius. So the long-term consequences of Celia and Rosalinds role-playing are miniscule only making the text more intricate and interesting for readers.In conclusion although characters in the text as you like it do pretend to be someone else, the consequences add to detail in the text and have have no serious consequences.

Robotic Surgery Disposal Essay Example for Free

Robotic Surgery Disposal EssayWhat is the Environmental Collateral Effects of Minimally Robotic Surgery? devil small studies have looked specifically at differences in communion between laparoscopic and robotic military operation. Both studies found a significant increase in oral communication between the surgeon and the rest of the team in robotic surgery, particularly in relation to the orientation and localization of organs and the manipulation of instruments, with the effect found to be more pronounced in teams that have less experience in robotic surgery. If use of robotic surgery interferes with model practices of coordination among the OT team, the achievement of seamless, efficient, and timely teamwork may be hampered. It is important to understand any change in communication patterns because of the well-documented relationship between communication and patient safety, with failures in communication and teamwork being identified as recognize factors in adverse events in the OT. Communication and teamwork around robotic surgery are likely to be influenced by processes associated with the introduction of robotic surgery, such as training and changes in team structure, but equally the integration of robotic surgery in surgical practice may be dependent on the extent to which it is consistent with real practices for coordination.How is Robotic Surgery Disposal conducted?For robotic surgery to provide the most benefit for patients, it is first necessary to understand the organizational and social factors that support the successful integration of robotic surgery, by which we mean that it becomes embedded into surgical practice, being utilise routinely and successfully for surgical operations where it offers advantages to the patient. It is also necessary to understand the impacts of robotic surgery on communication, teamwork, and conclusiveness making in the OT and how OT teams manage those impacts. Robotic-assisted surgery has evolved over the past two decades with constantly improving technology, assisting surgeons in multiple subspecialty disciplines. Patient positioning requirements can cause significant physiologic effects and may direct in many complications. Good communication among team members and knowledge of the nuances of robotic surgery have the potential to improve patient outcomes, increase efficiency,and reduce surgical and anesthetic complications.Robotic surgeries of large duration are associated with both change magnitude risks to patients as well as distinct challenges for care providers As robotic surgery is increasingly utilized, operations with long surgical times may become more common due to increased case complexity and surgeons overcoming the learning curve.

Juvenile Crime Statistics Paper Essay Example for Free

Juvenile Crime Statistics Paper EssayThe federal official Bureau of Investigation tracks four offenses murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravate assault in its Violent Crime Index. The new-fangled accommodate rate for each of these offenses has been declining steadily since the mid-1990s. The murder rate fell 70% from its 1993 peak by dint of 2001 (Snyder, 2003).Statistics Research has posen that plagues committed by adolescents be more likely to be cleared by practice of integrity enforcement than crimes committed by adults. The clearance data in the Crime in the United States series show that the balance wheel of violent crimes attributed to juveniles by law enforcement has declined in recent years. The proportion of violent crimes cleared by juvenile tours grew from about 9% in the posthumous eighties to 14% in 1994 and then declined to 12% in 2001. (Snyder 2003).Cleared Proportions The juvenile proportion of cleared forcible rapes peaked in 1995 and then fel l, with the 2001 proportion still above the levels of the late 1980s. The juvenile proportion of robbery clearances also peaked in 1995 at 20% and fell substanti whollyy by 2001 to 14%, but was still above the levels of the late 1980s at 10%. The juvenile proportion of exasperate assault clearances was at 12% in 2001 and was moderately below its peak of 13% in 1994. This was still substanti entirelyy above the levels of the late 1980s. The proportion of retention Crime Index offenses cleared by juvenile arrests in 2001 was below all but 2 years in the 1980s and 1990s. (Snyder 2003) Drug Offenses The text highlights an overall increase in the rate of do medicines offenses as well as simple assaults amount juveniles.After review of arrest statistics, the finding were that law enforcement agencies made an estimated 202,500 arrests of young people for drug abuse rapes in 2001. Of those 202,500 arrests a drug abuse violation is seen to be the most serious. There was a decline in juv enile arrests for murder between 1992 and 2001. During this clock time period there were a large number of increases as well though. Statistics showed 51% motor vehicle theft and 40 % burglary. There was also a major increase in juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations at a 121%. (Snyder 2003). Simple assault increased between the early 1980s and the late 1990s which was more than 150% between 1983 and 1997. This rate fell 7% between 1997 and 2001.Arrests of Females Arrests of females for various offenses are increasing more than the arrests of males, and the overall juvenile arrest rate for simple assault in 2001 remained snug its all-time high. (Snyder 2003). Of the juvenile arrests reported in 2001 females accounted for 23% of those arrests for aggravated assault and 32% of juvenile arrests for some other assaults. Females also appeared to be the leading sex in regards to runaway violations. Females were involved in 59% of all arrests for running away from home. Arrests for curfew and loitering law violations were reported at 31% for female juveniles. Females accounted for 23% of juvenile arrests for aggravated assault and 32% of juvenile arrests for other assaults (i.e., simple assaults and intimidations) in 2001. Females were involved in 59% of all arrests for running away from home and 31% of arrests for curfew and loitering law violations. (Snyder 2003) Violent Arrests of the Races The text points out that the disparity in violent crime arrest rates for black juveniles and white juveniles declined substantially between 1980 and 2001.In 2001 the juvenile population was comprised of 78% white, 17% black, 4% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 1% American Indian. Violent crime statisticsshowed that 55% involved white youth, 43% involved black youth, 1% involved Asian youth, and 1% involved American Indian youth. The results for property crime arrests were 68% white youth, 28% black youth, 2% Asian youth, and 1% American Indian youth. Between 1980 through 200 1 black-to-white disparity in juvenile arrest rates for violent crimes show a decrease. The black juvenile Violent Crime Index arrest rate was 6.3 times the white rate in 1980 and in 2001 the rate disparity had declined to 3.6. The reduction in arrest rate were primarily due to the decline in black-to-white arrest disparities for robbery, which was greater than the decline for aggravated assault.ConclusionThe outlook for the juvenile crime rate is uncertain as there are many an(prenominal) factors which will affect those final numbers. One thing is for certain and that is that the population is projected to grow passim the county at a rapid pace. The number of juveniles age 11 through 17 the ages of juveniles responsible for 99% of juvenile arrests will increase in the next decade. This will ultimately cause a empale in juvenile offenses and arrest numbers.ReferencesSnyder, H. (December 2003). U.S. Department of Justice. Office of Justice Programs. Office of Juvenile Justice and guilt Prevention. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Juvenile Arrests 2001. Retrieved July 24, 2008, from http//www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/ojjdp/201370.pdf

Football Academies Child protection Essay Example for Free

Football AcademiesChild protection auditionKey factors of an enhanced Centre of Excellence and Football AcademiesChild protectionAll staff to be screened and registeredEach centre to designate a member of staff responsible form child protection and awareness trainingDevelopment of child protection policyLimitation on numbers of Centres of faithfulness per clubGrievance procedureAgreed football game calendar including 36 in-service training for all staffStaff to be required to maintain personal CPD portfoliosGuide lines to parents with regard to registration, educational inquires etc musician coach ratiosMandatory coaching for goal keepers. PROVISIONS FOR MALE AND FEMALE COMPETITORSFootball has always been the peoples enlivened because anyone can gip it almost anywhere- you just need a ball and some friends. For anyone wanting to tour football seriously there are opportunities to take part in football across the country. The levels of football opportunities addressable wi ll vary from 5a-side leagues compete indoor or outdoor after work unspoiled up to 11a-side competitive leagues played usually at weekends.Football is now officially the biggest womens and girls sport in England. Research has shown that girls who want to play sport want to play football but just because you didnt play when you were young doesnt mean you cant play now. There are over 800 womens teams playing 11a-side competitive football every week throughout the August-May season.One of the reasons people receive involved is because the equipment is so cheap. All you need a pair of shin pads, a pair of boots and the club usually supply the kit. If you want to get involved in football call the local rate line which will tell you of the teams available in your area and how you can join them. Call 0845 310 8555.PROVISIONS FOR DISABLED PARTICIPANTSThere are shortly six England squads for disabled participants. These areBlind-these people are classified according to their level of sigh t. Game is played on a solid surface. The football contains ball bearings so the players can hear the ball partly sighted-Players who have little sight in their eyes. Games played indoors with a size 4 ball, which doesnt bounce, as much as the familiar onesDeaf and hearing impaired-Average hearing loss of 55 decibels in the bust ear. Players must not wear hearing aidsCerebral palsy-Players must be ambulant. 7a-side, 2 halves of 30 minsLearning disabilities- players must have an intellectual disability (IQ below 75)Amputee-outfield either above or below the knee single amputees and goalkeepers are single arm amputeesThe teams all receive official England kit, a physio a fully trained technical adviser and money towards travel costs for attending European and populace champion ships.The aim of this is to see EVERYONE have the chance to play football even if they have a disability it doesnt stop them taking part in a separate game.CONCLUSIONOverall I believe that the F.A. is doing nearly everything in its power to develop the game of football throughout the country and give just about everyone that wants a chance to play the option to participate. They are doing this through their initiatives for disabled and normal players and have made rule adaptations to fit their level sport. Although they are doing a lot, I believe they could do more by developing more courses for people who want to get involved with the more instruct side of football and make the option open for anyone who wants to attend a course i.e. coaching or referees easy access to areas close to home where they can participate.

Developing Electoral System in Uganda Villages

Developing Electoral clay in Uganda VillagesElectoral system for two villages in UgandaIntroductionThe electoral system of a newfangled democracy emerges in two stages. In a comparatively short time the electoral rules atomic number 18 concocted and espoused. Then, over s invariablyal elections, voter an politician learn how to apply these procedures within the sociopolitical setting. The selection of early electoral rules is a varied practice where the actors self-interest elucidates everything and henceforth nothing, surpassed as it is by imperious as yetts, compromises and misperceptions which bring inadvertent consequences. Preferably, the electoral rules should be founded on measureable theory verified by universal shrink c ar and attuned to local conditions, however, knowledge on the operation of electoral rules under numerous situations is still extremely limited, even though it is expanding.Thus the major advice for the villages is to keep simple electoral rules in o rder to facilitate the international use of empirical and analytical knowledge to obtain foreseeable outcomes and to snitch informed incremental changes whenever required. Upon selection, the aforesaid(prenominal) procedures should be maintained for some(prenominal) time in order to give time for the development of an electoral system. In order to sustain some flexibility, the electoral rules should be clearly stipulated in the constitution victorious note of the smallest details as much as possible. This paper recommends an electoral system which the two villages of Uganda efficiency adopt in electing its first councilors.AnalysisThe electoral system cannot be designed by individuals, since the conception of a party system is close to chimerical process. According to the systems theory, the system infers partitioning of the world into versed and external. The system has the power to restore some internal equipoise when some(prenominal)ered by external aspects. The electora l system emerges in two stages. But how argon electoral procedures selected in new democracies like the consequence of the two villages? Frequently they are not designed in a sequential manner, as fictional by the design. All too often they are a collaged of incongruous concessions. It may seem treated pragmatism to assert that self-interest of the novel decision-makers defines the choice. The distress is that the assertion is as non-falsifiable as all things take place as God desires Such declarations retroactively elucidate every conceivable effect and therefore forecast nothing specific.The individuals perception of self-interest is difficult to stipulate even for himself or herself much less(prenominal) for other people. Individuals make a decisions on what is in their interest concerning the conflicting and varied and regularly ephemeral g declamatorys. The self-interest of the politicians, who in the plate would be the aspirant councilors, cannot be demarcated only as wi nning the outgoing election. The objective might clash with long term interest, comprising maintenance of steadiness. It can clash with philosophical preferences, number the advice of external advisors which belong the same ideological strain. The force of familiar examples and habit in a overseas country also enter.Furthermore, the mechanism used to attain the presumed self-interest of an individual, can be counterproductive and misinformed. winning in the assumptions that, for old systems in socialist dominated areas, winning the forthcoming election was area, winning the undermentioned election was normal all other contemplations. Such systems frequently wished keeping the Socialist electoral procedures, which errand the stupendousst village, not only by power of habit but also since they expect to become the largest electoral college. This false to be a calamitous misjudgment in various countries.The predominant powers may stick to the procedures inherited from introduc tory political rule either by in acknowledge of substitutions or by attempting to poise reasonably the advantages of the prevailing procedures against the risks and costs innovation. Thus almost all ex-British colonies implemented SMP without comprehending that congress size matters. As given by the SMP, the operative number of parties rescue a tendency to be significantly larger in the large legislature of UK than in the legislative assembly of a small nations. As an alternative to the vigorous bipartisan system, the legislatures in small societies frequently end up with an excessively strong largest party and an entirely decimated resister party. This was not the intention of the decision makers of the electoral system, and in retrospect it difficultly served the interests of these decision makers. The procedures chosen at the stolon of democratization create a difference, however sometimes in unforeseen directions, since there are broken political philosophy and party conste llation. Negotiations between numerous proposals all too frequently root to heterogeneous rules, nonetheless complexity improves impulsiveness and the probability for receiving the worst of both cases.The major decision distresses the poise between facsimile and governability of minority opinions. Governability may be indorsed by having two main parties and single party council, which in figure out frequently emerge from the SMP decree. Proportional representation (PR) of the views of the minority, is best attained by utilizing a single electoral district in the villages. If the political culture of the villages spontaneously advance only two electoral parties, contempt the use of PR electoral rules.Distant from the balance of governability-representation, several other considerations come in, much(prenominal) as the cohesion amongst parties and an individual. In the new villages, two facets emerge sturdier between them since one has a larger capacity. one(a) is legality of e lectoral procedures, or rather discernment of it. If for any reason either, wrong or right, these procedures are considered to be illegitimate, then democracy is in trouble. Secondly, the cost of elections both in labor and money is another(prenominal) factor. The villages are strapped for skilled administrators and funds so that excessive allocation of these resources to the process of election may result in economic or social gaps elsewhere.In a dispassionate impression of the numerous electoral systems and their constituents all the way across the world, both the claimed shortcomings and advantages of the countless approaches. They emphasize on the issue of the cost of elections both in terms of perception of legitimacy and money of legitimacy. Simple procedures may be projected to maintain the costs down, however what looks modest on the surface may comprise costs elsewhere.For example, SMP might get along like the meekest of all allocation procedures, but the preliminary illus tration of electoral boundaries is expensive, and so is the registration of voters, since, check to SMP the result relies much on the place the voter cast his or her vote. Two-round rules twice over the hire of polling stations, vote counting and ballot papers. There is also voter disappointment and fatigue, if a swarming first round leaves advances a choice amongst two poorly buttressed finalists. On the other hand, multi-seat wards may be costly to conduct voter education and edification. Voter disappointment may harm stability, if excess ballots are botch up as a result of ballot intricacy or if the consequences look enigmatic because of a twisting allocation formula. Qualms about the legality of election results may focus furbish uply on the electoral procedures and the arrogant operators explicitly held liable for the supposedly partial or inappropriate rules. However, such qualms can also melt down to the complete political course or even democracy, imperiling cessati on of democratization.Reasonably, there is an impulse to appraise the procedures after(prenominal) the initial elections, however it might be too early. Party constellation and political culture are still in flux. The cool off characteristics of the results of electoral procedures cannot yet be measured, because voters and politicians are still getting acquaint how to these procedures might be used to their advantage. There is enticement to fine-tune the electoral procedure instead of hold or for the learning process to occur. However if the procedures are continuously changed such learning may ever take place.A major measure to determine if the electoral procedures count is whether derisory procedure have obviously led to failure of democracy, or a severe crisis. Infrequently have electoral procedures been the sole motive in the past, however they have underwritten the crisis. Ideally, electoral procedures should be premeditated with progressive self-interest, utilizing all the in stock(predicate) knowledge which can be offered by political science. Progressive self-interest infers taking a long-range opinion. For example, a large electoral party may not expect to remain great at all times, therefore it would be misguided to endorse procedures which that a large seat advantage to the largest village, alone on the foundation of the present popularity of the individual, utilizing the rich knowledge of political science though in a stickier proposition.ConclusionIn conclusion, a stable electoral systems is comprised of not only electoral rules however, thy also require the mechanisms with which these rules are applied in the given villages. This culture includes informed self-interest, meaning some concern for stability and tradition, and avoidance of gross miscalculations resulting from limited understanding of the effect of given electoral rules.This experience emerges with time. A steady electoral system contains of electoral procedures which have endu red some tests of the time. These times would be summarized, if the resident learning experience can be supplemented by the general academic knowledge concerning the things of electoral procedures and their collaboration with other aspects. To some degree each electoral scheme is sui generis, since similar electoral procedures are entrenched in unlike sociopolitical and historical contexts. If this triumphed totally, then no guidance to newly democratizing villages would be conceivable separately from ill-defined, which differs from one adviser to the next. However, this is not the case, some hard, transferable knowledge previously exists, to an incomplete degree.Therefore the two villages should adopt a simple electoral system which allows them to be modest about their ability to predict the effect of electoral rules. Even for stable systems, one finds substantial disagreement of opinion and variability of data. Extension to newly democratizing villages such as the two should be more cautious, in the perspective of unstable and different political cultures. Recommending multifaceted electoral systems, in precise, infers pretentiousness of knowing more than the people do. Containing electoral procedures in constitutions might make it worse. This inclusion should be withheld until theory is put on a much steadier foundation than is the present case with the villages.

The Importance Of Accuracy And Fluency

The Importance Of Accuracy And FluencyAccuracy and smoothness ar two key comp iodinents of second talking to acquisition. In todays world, it seems that skill the usage of grammar and instructioning on trueness argon stress by many speech communication students over eloquence. This topic of truth and fluency has been a controversial incommode that has been discussed for many years. Although somewhat wreakalists argue that culture a language doer learning forms and rules, some activists take a different view and claim that learning a language means learning how to usage a language (Eskey, 1983). Thus, this essay exit argue that truth is non postulate more(prenominal) outstanding than fluency. It depends on disciples needs and the spirit of instruction in second language acquisition.In edict to demonstrate this, this essay forget first focus on the importance of the true and fluency in English learning and show that they be both(prenominal) essential by lo oking at two different teaching methods. Second, it will turn to discuss both the true and fluency in term of learner goals, learner variables and instructional variables. Third, it will suggest what language teachers should do to deal with the issue and palpate the flop equilibrise surrounded by them.The importance of verity and fluencyIn this section, it will be argued that both the true and fluency are needed in second language acquisition. There has been untold discussion around these two components, with arguments put forward in support of either one of the other. However, it will be shown that neither component is useful without the other.Early teaching methods promoted the true over fluency. For instance, the Grammar-Translation Method has been utilise by language teachers for many years. It is the traditional style of teaching method emphasizing grammar explanation and deracination (Cook, 2001). In such a method, it is important for students to learn about the f orm of the target language. The role of the teacher is the authority. Students merely do what the teacher says and learn from the teacher, and many students consider that correct answers are essential. If they make errors or do non know an answer, it is the teachers duty to supply them with the correct answer.However, accuracy suffer non be regarded as tolerable in language learning. check to Larsen-Freeman (2000), in the Grammar-Translation Method, the language that is use in class is mostly the students inhering language. In this case, there is much less(prenominal) attention to second language verbalize and listen. When it comes to speaking and auditory modality skills, fluency needs to be taken account in language learning.For this reason, other methods have emphasized fluency in language learning. It is clear that these approaches are built on learning the use of language not on learning the usage of it. For example, compared with the Grammar-Translation Method, Communi cative Language Teaching (CLT) emphasizes the motion of communication rather than just focusing on language forms (Larsen-Freeman, 2000). Since the concept of CLT places an emphasis on fluency, errors of form terminate be seen as a natural outcome of the development of communication skills.Another argument in favour of fluency is the implementation of language in an au and sotic environment. In the trustworthy world, language is mostly used to express feeling and thought (Eskey, 1983). When there is a purpose to exchange meaning, fluency is the key portion during communication. While communicating with each other, opposed language learners often encounter the difficulty, that is, what they know how to say does not achieve their communicatory intention. In order to bridge the gap of such discrepancy, learners whitethorn use communicative strategies, such as shoution to make the communication successful. This is because if communicators are in the aforesaid(prenominal) contex t, one may predict what the other is going to say next.For example, before the 2008 Olympic Games in capital of Red China, taxi drivers in Beijing were trained in order to obtain English speaking mogul so that they could communicate with foreign tourists fluently. In this situation, although the taxi drivers were poor at grammar rules, they unbosom can communicate with foreigners. This is because the driver can predict where the foreign passenger will go since their destination may be related to the Olympic Games.In this case, although some grammatical errors exist, communicators can soundless understand each other because they are in the same context. When listeners can not understand what speakers mean, they usually predict the following conversation and provide immediate chemical reaction with speakers in the process of meaning negotiation.However, it must be remembered that the work of this take of communicative competence does not mean an equal one of grammatical compet ence (Eskey, 1983). As Eskey (1983 319) claims, fluency in a language is no guarantee of conventional accuracy. A realistic reach is that focusing on fluency may cause the significant effect on accuracy. gibe to Eskey (1983 319), rewarding a learners fluency may, in some cases, actually impede his or her achievement of accuracy. For example, in order to get meaning across, language learners find the words, yet they either pronounce them wrongly or put them together inappropriately. Such problem happens callable to the fact that they can speak English continually but express themselves poorly. Thus, although accuracy is not fair to middling by itself, it is still considered as demand in language learning.Although learners can still communicate the core to make sense without correct form, it can not be denied that in order to use the language, learners still need to be able to convert linguistic forms into the ability to actually use then. Therefore, when using CLT approach, c orrecting for accuracy will still be offered by teachers. Although prediction in communicative context may advance successful communication, fluency is not enough in this circumstance. Without accuracy, misunderstanding may occur because of misspelling, poor orthoepy and grammatical structures. It is therefore clear that as language teachers, both fluency and accuracy must be equally concerned in teaching students to use a language.The elements towards focusing on accuracy and fluencyAs the first section has mentioned, both accuracy and fluency are needed in the process of language learning. In this section, it will be argued that although these two components are equally necessary, there are triple elements that may influence focus on them.The first element to consider is learner goals. It is suggested that many ESL teachers press forward their students to develop communicative competence to really use the language for authentic purpose. Nonetheless, what students learn from the teacher may not be the outcome that the teacher supposes them to acquire. For example, if siamese connection children learn English in a country-bred Thai village, the outcome of language achievement may not all be positive. This is because these children do not need to use English as a tool in their daily life. In contrast, if Thai children learn English in order to sell products to foreigners, then there may be concern about a purpose for communicative competence. Moreover, if they want to pursue higher education in England, accuracy needs to be focused in language learning. Therefore, it seems that the need for accuracy and fluency relates to what goals learners want to achieve.It is considered that learner variables are excessively a key element which influences the focus on accuracy or fluency. According to Celce-Murcia (1985), a strategy guideline is provided to assist teachers in determining what degree they ought to focus on form in their own classes. In his study, learne r variables include age, development level and educational background. It is noted that either individual learns in different ways. Compared with adolescents and adults, young children seem to be more holistic in learning a concept instead of doing apparent analysis. This is because they are too young to analyse the structure of a language. Therefore, if young ESL learners are taught, it is most likely that little grammar instruction is needed. However, if the students are adolescents or adults, focusing on form may be more important.It is also suggested that education level is relevant to focus on accuracy or fluency. This is because teaching learners with preliterate level differs from teaching ones with literate level. If adults are at the level of beginners with little formal education, then focusing on form will be less important while fluency is the top priority. On the other hand, if the learners are at the intermediate or groundbreaking level and are well educated, accura cy may be required and it may be necessary for the teacher to provide some feedback relating to form correction in order for them to make progress. Therefore, focusing on accuracy is not enough, fluency still needs to be concerned in terms of learners age, proficiency level and educational background.Moreover, instructional variables can be seen as the third element, which includes skill, register and need. It is suggested that the need of focus on accuracy and fluency also changes according to the purpose of the instruction. For instance, according to Celce-Murcia (1985), when the teacher is teaching capable skills, such as listening or reading, the emphasis on form will be less important, since these skills require competence primarily in word recognition. Nevertheless, this does not mean accuracy can be neglected, because when knowing grammatical structure, learners can build up logical connection between sentences, which facilitates both listening and reading comprehension.On t he other hand, if the teacher is focusing on productive skills, such as speaking and writing, then formal accuracy will become an essential concern. In addition, it has to be remembered that fluency is still needed for communication purpose. This is because if the teacher is offering a conversation class which purpose is for learners to really use the language to communicate with others, then fluency will be emphasized.Furthermore, if the learners immediate need is survival communication, formal accuracy is less focused. On the other hand, if the learner wants to use the language in a paid field, such as writing an academic essay or being a diplomat, then a high degree of formal accuracy is essential. The higher the stakes, the more likely that accuracy will be important (Eskey, 1983 318). Therefore, it is clear that both accuracy and fluency are needed and whether focusing on accuracy or fluency depends on learner needs and conformation objectives.Approaches of finding balance b etween accuracy and fluencya) Course design and needs assessmentBased on these three elements mentioned above, it is suggested that teachers should find the right balance between accuracy and fluency. Eskey (1983) argues thatTeachers must be prepared to deal with students who know grammar rules but can not speak the language fluently likewise, they must also be prepared to deal with students who are fluent but not accurate (Eskey, 1983).In order to balance accuracy and fluency in language learning and teaching, it is suggested that both these components need to be taught in the process of learning situation. Thus, in this section, it will suggest methods of keeping a balance between accuracy and fluency in term of cart track design and needs assessment.It has been argued that many language learners have learned grammar rules, but when they want to express themselves, they do not have enough authentic experience of using languages (Celce-Murcia, 1985). Such result may be due to the fact that teaching materials does not provide learners with the context relevant to the communicative situation. In order to solve this problem, Celce-Murcia (1985) suggests an integrating grammar instruction into a communicative curriculum providing purposeful task-based discourse samples. For example, for the general purpose language learners, their beginning level course may start with teaching grammar-meaning correspondences, such as stupefy tense versus past tense. By giving the time frame, students can easily distinguish the difference between these two tenses. After that, students are then taught grammar-function correspondences, such as the tone of must is stronger than need to. As soon as these two basic levels have been evinceed, the teacher can offer discourse-level grammar, such as use of conjunctions. In this case, students not altogether acquire the grammar rules which focus on accuracy but also apply it for purposeful discourse which focuses on fluency. By this cou rse designed to integrate form, meaning and content, it is possible for learners to balance accuracy and fluency in the communication (Celce-Murcia, 1985).However, there is a simple question about why learners need to balance accuracy and fluency. The answer to this question relates to English for specific purpose (second sight). According to Hutchinson and Waters (1987), courses should be designed to meet learners needs. This may suggest that language teachers should note which learners need more attention on accuracy or fluency. To achieve this goal, for instance, teachers need to gather information about learners needs on accuracy and fluency and identify their target situation by using questionnaires, interviews, observation and loose consultations with learners before a course. Having done this, teachers analyse strategies required to cope in target situation, and then pull in syllabus which is a document saying which aspect needs more effort on accuracy or fluency. After th at, select and design materials to focus on these strategies in syllabus. Finally, after teaching the materials, teachers establish evaluation procedures to test learners acquisition of accuracy and fluency (Hutchinson and Waters, 1987).b) Evaluation and feedbackIn this section, it will be argued that course design and needs assessment are not enough. The evaluation and feedback afterwards from learners can also dish teachers find the right balance between accuracy and fluency. Evaluation can be defined as a whole process of action which begins with decision of information gathering and ends with change in flowing courses or influence on future ones (Dudley-Evans and St John, 1998). According to Hutchinson and Waters (1987 145), an clairvoyance course, after all, is supposed to be successful. This is because it is designed for particular learners to achieve particular objective with language level of accuracy and fluency.There are two levels of evaluation. The first one is learne r assessment. Students performance is assessed at strategic points, such as at the beginning and at the end of the course. This is because ESP concerns with the necessary skills for particular learners to carry out communicative tasks. This kind of assessment enables teachers to determine how much focus on accuracy and fluency is needed (Hutchinson and Waters, 1987). As ESP teachers, they need to consider if the objectives are too ambitious for learners. If so, the learners initial language competence may be overestimated. For example, a teacher designs a syllabus by analysing students needs. Students are expected to present written fit and make an oral presentation in accurate English. After teaching, the teacher may find that skillful weakness in grammar leads to unclearness of students oral presentation. Although the course contains the objectives of achieving certain level of accuracy and fluency, perhaps students achieve more on either one of them, and then students will requ ire more specific help by teaching both accuracy and fluency used in the context relevant to their needs.The second one is course evaluation by learners. This helps teachers to demonstrate how well the course actually meets a particular educational aim. Therefore, evaluation not only reflects learners performance on accuracy and fluency during the process of learning but also shows how effective students feel the course was. In this case, if they feel the ESP course fails to meet their goal, then there must be something wrong with course design or methodology. It is therefore clear that both learner and course evaluation have a similar function in providing feedback on the ESP course (Hutchinson and Waters, 1987).Moreover, the feedback of the learning outcome is essential not only for students but also for teachers. This is because feedback reflects students learning achievement on accuracy and fluency and the effectiveness of teaching. Therefore, how to evaluate learning and teachi ng to obtain feedback is important to teachers. In order to find the balance between accuracy and fluency, evaluation and feedback are essential not only at the beginning of the course but also after the instruction.ConclusionIn conclusion, although accuracy has been exclamatory by many language students, as the three sections mentioned above, it can clearly be seen that both accuracy and fluency are important at different needs for different people of different priorities. condescension the fact that some arguments show that accuracy is essential for learners to acquire linguistic form to produce the language, this is not enough. Fluency is still needed considering the language implementation in an authentic environment. This essay has suggested that both accuracy and fluency are needed in second language acquisition. Whether to focus more on accuracy or fluency depends on learners needs and course objectives.Therefore, language teachers can find the right balance of accuracy and fluency by using an ESP approach to design courses relevant to the needs and objectives. Thus, these courses can maximise the effects of teaching and learning through evaluation and feedback. Although ESP can solve this problem, teachers ability to design the course should be taken into consideration. Therefore, it is suggested that teacher training program is certainly necessary and the real development may be made in the future.